TMJ is the abbreviation for temporomandibular disorders, an umbrella term that describes more than 30 conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and muscles used for chewing. Symptoms include clicking, popping, stiffness, limited movement of the jaw, and/or a change in the bite. Some patients also experience headaches that can range from a constant dull ache to throbbing or piercing pain. Tightness in the jaw and face, muscle spasms, or tenderness of the neck and shoulder muscles can also occur. Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) is another common symptom of TMJ.

TMJ Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options from Your Dentist

TMD may result from trauma, a blow to the head or face, a dislocated joint, genetic predisposition, or para-functional habits such as teeth grinding and clenching, or poor posture. A physical exam is the first step in evaluating TMD. The doctor will ask questions, perform an examination, and might order imaging tests like X-rays or a CT scan to confirm the diagnosis.

Conservative treatments, like avoiding hard and chewy foods, eating a soft diet, a mouth guard to prevent clenching, and relaxing exercises, can help ease the symptoms. Counseling may also be helpful in addressing stressors that can contribute to TMD. For some people, corticosteroid injections into the joint can reduce inflammation. In very rare cases, surgery is needed if other treatment methods fail. However, patients should exhaust all reversible remedies before considering surgical options. In addition, patients should seek the opinion of multiple TMD specialists, including oral surgeons, orthodontists, and otolaryngologists before choosing a procedure.